Controller Design Pid





  • Comments [0]
  • Digg it!
  • Facebook

PID control for injection and extrusion applications often employ additional cooling control outputs and usually require multiple controllers.

A PID controller (sometimes called a three term controller) reads the sensor signal, normally from a thermocouple or RTD, and converts the measurement to engineering units e.g. Degrees C. It then subtracts the measurement from a desired setpoint to determine an error.

The error is acted upon by the three (P, I & D) terms simultaneously:

PID Controller Theory

The following section examines PID controller theory and provides further explanation of the question `how do PID controllers work’.

Proportional (Gain)

The error is multiplied by a negative (for reverse action) proportional constant P, and added to the current output. P represents the band over which a controller’s output is proportional to the error of the system. E.g.
reading age

%PDF-1.5 %쏢 5 0 obj stream x]r)lē̿98TVH$H~}0h@cfdr h4P]ëw'f]8?}x>dzpMߝRiz7T u;wC߶xzU?̸sz?VNg{_pۺ9 t;q߷nCݍ>N/ƾ_7:sӯg?o陼vp8^{=Cu+]{zxڻ75yM/NЙO_2&nK ϧ/}eUۡ;j-7 w,PWSㇽ%5'Ѣm'6B?`Y2> `TZ7,VO^p1vZjIIƯ8U Oa&]}ԙoA["=L. [*2YJUɴж,5ODOz Ϊ]3YNfD)٪dvcwY8 iUG&6zNWQjoJ=- ЫQM9AL mF{   j2DjyPP٪bMu砉zJ&&E5F4Mp\0)uYAWWI9]/>I$` m;7x^"Ǖ1vDJ ӈ8{8y8Pο94mzշ7hkfX6ƟyT?MXj;{e`k0rubomߟ_o*WB9Ri}^@T1͂߸L2C9oUO@ (zݴӕ4bBOUYO =;}7{X0 .@yX˭Z崏xrXFZg rv,d6 rvE2אmcGXJEOReҽӕ){__1c٠0hC?ReW֜w;运dH;_75pfܷu>Y& A{%1~YԴ#xjя. /)xTH?dfd'm W[%7K&9õ$ Ccf>M]sZ5jPED9Q>ʩK礜B-\jl@-7XxAgiGs4*hnH>qN ȢBd31Oٝ[Օn=#_ W5}hR!VUoE" KK[ctiZ - U>:`+S 5%$EfQm8N[?+B;~}ҵ}1ZkCVVϕL;$jɱ`٭a ajɘϣO=N+# .U+PZEepiI=D]M20ERUܢ Ju9˕NN!@ErqH5v$lrd_U>ʪ൞شKH1M14aO`*kie^8rKJ W@yP݈MIt|} ⫢^1oPUaV vԾ5f?i_i+t)> ݣ_]$'ؑ!NF^G_^UVnfoCy1Tis:.MtRf'u}FCc OOh%9rgGeaXغ8"ob\-qXu|=g0KN0CԀžyB$?\ujtk@h+=|>]v(XKCVܕ=3w5)Ar:e vI^8/9()I.1g;/j `=$P7 dPS ~K5A~s"Xlr^SITXh8v"i9^ԓ¾jdнJз`k-gZp0g3!>h2lLP N߾"J%%#yH_RANФbL*ɵ AFT[7AU| ^G`%E‘rF.gM9h4C`RF>>xuydxJ I y(lvOE9YxO:=apP,}\[|%C=Lp}ʕQ2xy%dE3j/|γB\׸$V'=6l,X;>pw' S)parAq.>rž\Xmuw2h%!;\tD $4_ܰ-LK@:tJr8Q9ܶfdꃵNRNnx+5փ $jظҨMbQ_Q1.~]l*ܱ5 dXy4Y6O/¤*1iWA XFxq-4r?bĚt~Þccw>-_F^-p&BۈԻ>Jc"uPzg:Bp%RBv*LؾuZZX:w7&A-DyɹPMQ~u'Ɣʕ#rb:n7 Mi2Eg;L7-< @r;yg1$pn[rcܵEsԚ`=vz"Sƛ`t@*9 ݶF(J1.HBɓ Es"$ ݬA[1 V8Í?I=E/Fgͱp됮&OGn+ͫD ȳ #&u2kú$ f*Ja[ބںhfzjʐ$K'_oa2pc zrgq҃g&*>N) k/$lq >lc&Ą{๗lž?֦e|Q\zb(|qʕ/~˾Ojrz @,듕B_O-T[2zy L$)>>1;.3m&), -Y JRH#Ŭg36ÁPPAEcNSM:O0L%LX+)f.0w,r/n( )"6$V20uVm4ǗAZv6Q#g*LU}8 RP|;Z!E(Ƭ;k%(~1qH a-j10𷬮/*Đf @GչKn0tFeN{~Z](P\ k2I2ل q;Ӱ,8^C-i\ ЉQZ\]z*c00䒃KV1Ǎbić/!:G u4vVst7==XUE! Ź5.?)uVN&ֵi=υ}9D)D9"ٮtAy0l_SyЃ^:m1#׻%wS,96wghn>w(]|>™/2j1G@}Pvľ,BykJ/*.Ŏ4H|zgn${Q~xE|4^ko1&cKrT*$ՋHIG6Ru# IŨ(Nx]nO>2"Lk5ؑn?΋\1wS+pBq)p3^K[+)-q1amUm}071lqy^rẄ~߮)FF[⠈XLRH]G&w>EP}PdU\cCDs|ua,n곜Ld&{q_;~z @5(sg*yl2,=GZƁ+f mE$E ኹjzjNl:bʒJVq/L%qGfwdkt0IH?S$8l 9"]\sխ !6(ث؍+9[.i؛yB2үx90L't>p $$简],:*uKI*a.W]`%th@c&{e$D|D"π$Q0cvކ2(17q b\4EKbwE~;QV^FY-vueeFf;#=̓҇g>W}Ե.8@/BvϯD4jܰhn]VJz80SAFjR7{v3m'|9/0JPW&֑~> EG?tm톃x^*VMī+Ϛ56K_b-1$AqY0beZЀ m۶0Q3NBB3 * :(UVe Qˢ+)e@}`ZAj$[)u]CZiWz%i#I7M}]x#4)cN;ҒbF6t1p;J>p|ۑftEԾL29P0QUYrH@:j^TD/lH[erd87B"n o}NRԬ ?zaHV:r}r(βwt!#6֠P飯k> s6۸fSa{aQe)\[ʟYzNa+]/}L "f2y!MFFlgsׅ Xndz}>@e !X0`@6^pFk2EZU+aPn2BaT4hhu3n8G |vxP$c QJ` xBMDFI1:ngb/)8*m􊲐~  upz-h>oz"UQ{*$ks[F ɋsr1~}F>WȺ$}gmE ֧p٣o `M*6:ǒ)Ki{Rޱm>T}6:~C@@e#O8hHHTC¶{œQWjѽv!o ־#X1p  sK~(ԔP=5 Q̳"U3(H{ꈂ???RШ`]}@u6=RO]G%!O [=k0aiu\sƉbdshN+M% T[80Gp2iA^0;(4`:;SF "/Dgp.O(*R w:Zۗ6=J%7r"mm\JӼy%sz)F}IuvJl+ HauME޶ْX,Dgv8YkvNV@ {8"߿Z. 0%r#X,CvED@pd ۞̴7ZR m0owd¬ut0$J6U18FQq#}@Vt^.~kddNq'nk=w/ [T$2sq})m'b FjXLQW@ @$*9 5s$mlGI@Ι8J"04~۬Tst\ڗҎ:Rhh P`s}raʟ|>ecR;( ocxc+y 5G\aCg o[nH,7Y5ۮ&`O2܄rR{J;7 KM Hs26bNmHn >⧋PY+QU3VAJд 08L`b!H}OnamS"|HJd_M^ebjdS ):oQٹЎMsgMMf%yGKDŢnż~̎Yetzqj75L>(86̓N5nol$ҝyO^gj*BOj7m*gRAzo˷Y˿|34;USˠ.gT4+,HoWߔlgPi P KɅSR|]B?²:;?R]i] L%0T?zGjL2j{2զڝ/81%碻f0W}h\٩~*KmϚ3p哴dX}h_ŘÍu@/fD9bJ p>p갿G*4 -0 k6׸?5kC37@dfkmSir-[eAq +;!X(Χ U )ަkY ۗ*y'`rrF #0 \_XLieyβ ѱnBg j}"hRF 9y, Eo=56 xOu Ź,UuZb{BHk]`ͅ bAShe8A{?R8~p'} KM5l=XO^Rd݃tݯc,9۵Tfe[hٽG 7$Q>vsw 1.n|ﹰ;KF,,n'8Һ_0ZP2Xr•o3h>,CJ%+LF4#uԭ䨲=+  K7»%KibuJG)QA_qѺdǺ& f8; 1ر?ڛۢ1S3{a37wU o䇏#rW>3^1$qRX댅0λ:$zvJਭ ~9f] ᐬUmU>4>o\lsnӵ ]FuhNn6?nukvۮm*3l?d nZu}}3|lnj&5}'nO;1l%+o Q M~rwJ٫y^Wl06ɛd !Pr*X00eqqg$N1K)i !(( `öS`:#`DĪ09 ]as@-aAdžDnFDo$ "(9lhՌb )ƱiZ"}_ (h2C ev,vYpl2mÜg,ގ44c08i!x8\B4̀=/HɆ 5T^`X?+-8q;gD?r2+`5FJQʼ m:ac|q&"UYㄝbҊEf5N7>` )OBͥLJ & ܪ3!j̽]W$2'J=Q$M 39*z [ pŚ?cN|k*T$' gjfJ M 3'-Zi3X,y}&RdE,OaOc-iOtABɖ nf1k;O6Q=Q=gmi.㪏}O(VF}V rZ^7_1GzCtHhVǂ4g`]2"kmWrH\&51B`+FIH^PGޏimGWw}n7J:li ݾHH +DD/[/FVfaf`P׏E?A:ZU"D`-KJ/U6"C>#C!˻7}97"mJYj~Lk4G13G-U=@A3q=4) #KLz CW AR+UU^tׁ^fV/pĈ+|n[AE" 6j5l".^Oϟu О9ZGX3 Y~ז ]G?Evw^3zh97G